Rule of Thirds - p. 23
The Rule of Thirds is a basic photography guideline where the cameraperson imagines the frame cut into thirds both horizontally and vertically. It is then best to line area of focus in the picture to the points crossed by the imaginary lines. This technique naturally draws the viewer to the image. This video is a good explanation of this technique:
Depth of Field - p. 17
When focusing a camera there is a certain depth that will be in focus and the rest of the image will be out of focus; the "in focus" area is referred to as the Depth of Field. Ideally, a skilled cameraperson would be able to recognize where the focus will be and adjust the camera accordingly. This concept is similar to the abilities of the eye. The eye can focus on a subject and the remainder area will be considered out of focus. This image is a good display of Depth of Field:
Notes on Exposure Lock
Exposure lock is a button on the camera that sets the exposure and "locks" it into place. Seeming self-explanatory, it means that the exposure can't be adjusted until the exposure lock is removed. Using exposure lock can be very helpful in some scenarios. First, if you are taking a portrait of someone and want to adjust the background or move the camera while the background is changing, the main object of focus still has the same exposure. Further, if you are taking several continuous pictures of the same object, and the background lighting is being altered, the exposure can be affected; when exposure lock is set, the exposure remains a constant, regardless of the background. Another situation where the exposure lock is beneficial is when the video camera is moving but the cameraperson wants to continue the same continuous shot with the exposure remaining constant.
In these situations, the exposure lock is a useful tool that can make a video or set of pictures seem fluid and continually well-exposed.
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